Journal Transnational Universal Studies

Developing Students' Critical Thinking Skills Through Problem-Based Learning in Islamic Education Based on the Facione Framework

Bima Purwidya Haqjaya — 2026-05-16

This study aims to analyze the construction of students' critical thinking skills through the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning by referring to Peter A. Facione's critical thinking framework. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen involving one PAI teacher and 22 students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results showed that each stage of PBL contributed to the development of critical thinking dimensions, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Students were not only able to understand and analyze contextual problems, but also to construct arguments, draw conclusions, and reflect on values in decision-making. PBL also encouraged active involvement through collaborative discussions, although there were still obstacles such as time constraints and variations in student readiness. These findings confirm that critical thinking is constructed gradually through structured learning experiences. This study contributes by positioning PBL as a pedagogical framework that facilitates the construction of critical thinking through the integration of cognitive processes and social interactions in PAI learning.

The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure, Operating Efficiency, Capital Structure, and Media Exposure on Firm Value, With Media Exposure as A Moderating Variable (an Empirical Study of Low-Carbon Leader Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange)

Syendra Ayu Bernadita — 2026-05-21

The perception of a company’s performance, prospects, and sustainability is increasingly influenced by investors’ attention to environmental issues and information transparency. As awareness of environmental concerns and the demand for transparent information continue to grow, companies are required not only to demonstrate strong financial performance, but also to manage and disclose their environmental impacts and business strategies in an accountable manner. In this context, this study aims to analyze the influence of carbon emission disclosure, operating efficiency, media exposure, and capital structure on firm value. This research is grounded in Stakeholder Theory, which emphasizes the importance of balancing stakeholder interests through transparency and accountability in information disclosure. The research method employed is a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative design. The research data were obtained from the annual reports and sustainability reports of companies included in the Low Carbon Leaders Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicate that carbon emission disclosure negatively affects firm value, while operating efficiency and capital structure have positive effects on firm value. Media exposure does not directly have a significant effect on firm value; however, it functions as a quasi-moderating variable. Media exposure was proven to strengthen the influence of carbon emission disclosure, while weakening the influence of operating efficiency and capital structure on firm value. These findings suggest that media exposure does not necessarily enhance the effectiveness of operational performance signals and corporate financing policies in the eyes of investors.

The Potentials and Challenges of Gastronomy Tourism in Kampung Portugis Tugu (Jakarta Portuguese Village)

Ira Yuniarty Khairiyah — 2026-05-13

This study explores the potentials and challenges of gastronomy tourism in Kampung Portugis Tugu, a historic Portuguese-descended community in North Jakarta. Using a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews, field observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), the research identifies key dimensions shaping the area's gastronomic tourism potential. Kampung Tugu is home to distinctive heritage culinary products that have existed for centuries, such as Gado-Gado Tugu, Pindang Serani, and traditional cakes including Pisang Udang, Ketan Unti, and Apem Kinca. These culinary traditions are not only daily food practices but are deeply embedded in ritual events such as Rabo-Rabo and Mandi-Mandi, which are recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage. The findings reveal that Kampung Tugu possesses strong historical authenticity, diasporic culinary identity, and unique cultural acculturation reflected in its gastronomy. However, significant challenges remain, including weak knowledge transfer, limited institutional capacity, lack of structured tourism products, and fragmented stakeholder collaboration. The study highlights a paradox between high cultural potential and low tourism readiness. This research contributes to gastronomy tourism literature by emphasizing the importance of cultural-based analysis through field observation, interviews, and FGD in understanding gastronomy tourism potentials and challenges.